مجله علوم پزشکی صدرا
سال نهم شماره 2 (بهار 1400)

Expenditure credits are allocated to universities and institutes of higher education every semester based on the number of students and the number of courses, but identifying the actual completed cost of the various courses can help to better allocate scarce resources. The purpose of this study was to determine the cost of educational activities of postgraduate students of medical school in independent hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences.

The purpose of this study was to calculate the direct costs of educational services for postgraduate students (MSc and Ph.D.) in the independent medical education centers of Iran University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2018-2019. After identifying the cost headings, interviews were conducted with vice chancellors for education, department chairs, heads of clinical and financial departments, professors, and students in the medical school (about 20). Then, to determine the students' use of cost headings, work, and time Measurement were done. Firoozgar, Rasoul Akram, Akbarabadi, Shahid Rajaee and Ali Asghar hospitals were the study sites. The calculation and analysis were performed in Excel 2013 software.

The costs of educational activities of postgraduate students were reported to be 49000000 Rials for Ph.D. students and 400,000 Rials for postgraduate students.

Postgraduate and Ph.D. students do not impose significant costs for their internships. These learners rotate their practice units in the teaching hospitals of the University of Iran under the supervision of their respective instructors and more in an observational approach.

Satureja Khuzestanica (S. Khuzestanica) is one of the native plants of Iran that grows in areas such as Khuzestan and Lorestan. The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of S. Khuzestanica on lipid profile, especially on decreasing serum cholesterol, liver enzymes, and lipid peroxidation in male hamsters with high fat diet.

26 male hamsters were randomly divided into control, high fat diet (HFD), and high fat diet treated with S. Khuzestanica (HFD+S) groups. After 10 days of beginning the study, the two latter groups were fed with high fat diet for 30 days. During the last 10 days, the HFD+S group was treated with 100mg/kg/day S. Khuzestanica through the gavage.

Data showed that administration of S. Khuzestanica for 10 days resulted in a significant reduction of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, liver enzymes, and malondialdehyde in the HFD+S group.

These results support the potential effects of the use of Satureia Khuzestanica in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Celiac disease results from the interaction of gluten, the immune system, and genetic and environmental factors, which is diagnosed via clinical symptomsincludingweight loss, steatorrhea, and malnutrition. It is usually presented in children who have malnutrition and failure to thrive, but it has been recently reported in some obese children. Since nowadays screening of high-risk/susceptible groups has been emphasized, this study aimed to evaluate the frequency of serologic celiac disease in obese children.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 104obese children who referred to the Endocrine Clinic of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran in 2016. Data were collected using a questionnaire through face to face interviews. To measure Anti TTG IgA and total IgA Ab, 5 ml blood sample was taken. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 18.

The mean age and BMI of the participants were 10.33±2.39 and 24.71±4.78, respectively, 65% of whom were girls. In this study, five patients (4.9%) had positive Anti TTG IgA, 80% of whom had reported positive gastrointestinal symptoms. The statistical tests suggested a positive and significant correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms and Anti TTG IgA.

Compared to 2% prevalence of serological TTG Anti in our community, a 5% prevalence Anti TTG IgA in obese children may indicate that there is an increased risk of potential celiac in obese children compared to the normal population. Therefore, it is recommended to screen obese children for celiac disease periodically and perform endoscopy and biopsy in the cases with persistence of anti-TTG.

Today, chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most usual/common neurosurgical conditions and the conservative management like Dexapril (Dexamethasone and Captopril) protocol is achievable in patients with CSDH. In this prospective cohort study, we proposed and evaluated the effectiveness of Dexapril protocol for the management of CSDH.

The study population included all patients (N= 117) who referred to Emtiaz Hospital in Fars Province from January 2014 to December 2016. A CT scan was performed at the time of referral; after that, Dexamethasone and Captopril were administered. Then, control CT scan was performed at 24 hour, 48 hour, and 96 hour intervals from the moment of admission.  One case was excluded due to a decrease in blood pressure after the first administration of Captopril.  Follow up visits have been conducted continuously at intervals of 1 month, 3months, 6 months, and 12 months since the date of the first admission.

13 (11.2%) CSDH cases had chronic subdural hematoma who presented with multiple loculations “suggesting repeated hemorrhages in the subdural space.” 11 (9.4%) of all cases underwent a burr-hole craniostomy due to the patient's unwillingness to continue his/her treatment, an increase in unilateral or bilateral weakness of the limb, and significantly increased BS (more than 250) after taking Dexamethasone. In 71 (61.2%) cases, there was not any changes in the first and last weakness score and there was no compelling reason for this lack of difference. Furthermore, none of the CT scans had a midline shift of more than 5mm after 3 months of follow ups. Also, no mortality due to relapse or an increase in the volume of chronic subdural was witnessed in the follow up sessions.

We have currently revealed that Dexapril protocol is effective in non-surgical treatment of  CSDH with minimum side effects. Adjuvant Dexapril therapy may contribute to the surgical therapy in reaching a lower recurrence rate.

Recent studies have shown relationship between lumbopelvic control, function, kinematics, and lower extremity loading. However, poor lumbopelvic control has not been studied as a risk factor for lower extremity injury in sports with frequent jump-landing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of lumbopelvic control disorders on balance and lower extremity function in professional athletes with frequent landings. 34 professional players participated in this assessor-blind case-control study. Lumbopelvic control was assessed with four tests including Knee Lift Abdominal Test, Bent Knee Fall out, Active Straight Leg Raising, and PRONE with Pressure Biofeedback Unit. Based on the results, participants were divided into two groups with lumbopelvic control (n = 17) and without lumbopelvic control (n = 17). Dynamic balance with Y test, semi-dynamic balance with Lafayette Stability Platform, and lower extremity function with single-leg hopping tests (single-hop for distance, triple hop for distance, and 6-meter timed hop test, triple-crossover hop for distance) were evaluated. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups with and without lumbopelvic control in Y balance test scores (P=0.001), single hop for distance (P=0.001), triple hop for distance (P=0.001), 6-meter timed hop (P=0.001), triple hop for distance (P = 0.001), and lower extremity symmetry index (P=0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in the semi-dynamic balance (P>0/05). Poor lumbopelvic control affects lower extremity function and dynamic balance of professional athletes with frequent landings, so it can be considered a risk factor for lower extremity injuries.

Performing a secondary task while maintaining postural control can aggravate balance impairments among older individuals. The present study aimed to compare the gait harmonic ratio between faller and non-faller community-dwelling older adults. In this cross-sectional study, 20 faller older adults (13 females and 7 males) and 20 non-faller older adults (12 females and 8 males) were recruited from the members of a retirement center. Before the trial, a medical code of ethics was granted and the written consent forms were signed by all participants. The variable, the gait harmonic ratio in medial-lateral, vertical, and anterior-posterior directions under single-task and dual-task conditions, was measured using an accelerometer. Under the single-task condition, there was no statistically significant difference between the faller and non-faller groups in any direction of gait harmonic ratio. Under the dual-task condition, the faller group revealed significantly lower harmonic ratios in medial-lateral (p < /em>=0.010) and vertical (p < /em>=0.032) directions compared to the non-faller group. However, no statistically significant difference was reported between the two groups for the anterior-posterior direction in dual-task walking. The findings of the present study indicated that the medial-lateral and vertical gait harmonic ratios can considerably be affected under dual-task conditions in faller older individuals.

Diabetes, as the most common chronic metabolic disease, decreases the quality of life in patients. This disease causes a crisis in the physical, psychological, and spiritual aspects, which increases the use of the spiritual resource as a coping mechanism. Resilience is one of the variables that enhance the quality of life by coordinating different aspects of human life. it is considered necessary to adapt to the disease. This study aimed to investigate the effect of spiritual needs and resilience on quality of life in diabetics.

The study is a descriptive-correlational one. The participants were 165 patients with cancer diseases (female 105, male 60) from Sari city selected through convenience sampling. The data were collected using the quality-of-life scale (WHO), spiritual needs scale (Büssing), and resilience scale (Connor & Davidson). For data analysis, Stepwise regression analysis was carried out by means of SPSS 19.

The data were analyzed using stepwise regression analysis. According to the results, there was a significant and positive correlation between scores on the components of Spiritual Needs and spiritual well- being. Moreover, subscales of the Spiritual Needs such as "Religious needs" (p < 0.001), "Existentialistic needs" (p < 0.001) "need for Inner peace" (p < 0.001) and "Actively Giving needs" (p < 0.001) had a positive correlation with the quality of life. And among all components of Spiritual Needs, Religious needs, Existentialistic needs, and Inner Peace needs had more predictive power in quality of life. And also there was a significant correlation between scores of resiliency and quality of life while the component of resiliency (p < 0.001) had more predictive power in quality of life.

It is concluded that components of Spiritual needs and resiliency, as two psychological constructs, can play a significant role in quality of life. Therefore, developing plans and approaches to address the patients' spiritual needs and resiliency can be beneficial since it promotes quality of life in diabetics.

Cancer is one of the most common diseases throughout the world. One out of eight deaths in the world happen as a result of cancer. Cancer is the third cause of mortality in Iran. Colon cancer is the fourth cause of mortality in the world and  1.2 million people with the disease are being diagnosed annually.

The method of data collection was through review and original articles.

About 8% of overall mortality rate is associated with colon cancer.

Colon cancer has  considerably increased in Iran over the last three decades and it is the second common cancer in Iran according to the annual report of the National Cancer Institute of Iran. The prevalence of colon cancer in Iran is  estimated to be 8 out of 100.000 people. 3641 new cases of cancer are reported annually in the country and 2262 people die  every year as a result of colon cancer. The prevalence  of the disease in Iranian population is equal to 22%.

Any area of human knowledge is based on special philosophical foundations. These foundations determine the basic framework and paradigm of the area. Ontology, epistemology, methodology, and anthropology are the philosophical foundations that form a specific knowledge area. Ethics in medical sciences has its own philosophical foundations in Islamic framework. Using Islamic texts in general and the holy Quran in particular, this research/study attempts to analyze and identify these foundations, and, in an attempt to execute a part of the objectives of the Comprehensive and Scientific Map of Iran, it tries to localize and Islamicize these foundations.  

This is a qualitative research that is based on emergent design. The data collection procedure is documentary and library resource and the data analysis approach is considered to be descriptive-interpretive. Islamic texts and the holy Quran in particular are sources of extraction of our intended components and criteria.

According to the foundations of Ontology, Epistemology, Methodology, and Islamic Anthropology, the most important characteristics of ethics in medical sciences include monotheism, motivations for closeness to God, kindness, and virtue. Other practical concepts such as thralldomand purification of soul are also taken into account in this study.

Using the capacity of Islamic moral education system, doctors and other healthcare providers could achieve Islamic and humanity goals in medical sciences. The medical education system of universities of medical sciences can use philosophical principles of Islamic ethical system in their curriculum programs and internships as a basis to improve students’ attitude, motivation and skills based on Islamic foundations.